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Social enterprise without trading activity is merely charity, says Robert Ashton.
No, I’ve not lost the plot. But I have been listening to some fascinating feedback from the recent Festival of Social Enterprise. The event, of which I was co-organiser, took place a couple of weeks ago in Norwich. It was sponsored by two local authorities and set out to inform, inspire and introduce local social entrepreneurs to national speakers.
The conference session was great. Cliff Prior from UnLtd, Nigel Kershaw from Big Issue Invest, the amazing Michael Norton and CIC Regulator Sara Burgess, all came and stimulated some great debate. ‘Beanbags & Bullshit’ blogger David Floyd also spoke, presenting a warts-and-all account of the history of the Big Society.
But it was in the exhibition area that a startled rep from the local Chamber of Commerce was told by one attendee that his organisation had no right to be there. I’d invited the Chamber so they could mix with and perhaps recruit some social enterprises into membership. The benefits apply to any trading organisation. My view is that every social enterprise is a business and the more cross-sector fertilisation we can encourage, the better.
But the rant it seems was angry and loud. “I’m not a business, I’m a social enterprise,” was the chorus punctuating verse after verse of explanation as to why this person thought the Chamber was a cuckoo in the nest. It confused the Chamber folk and illustrated perfectly the problem I see facing social enterprises today.
You see, without profitable trading (business) activity, a social enterprise is surely a charity, albeit unregistered as such. Surely to be taken seriously social enterprises have to become serious about trading. It’s not simply a new way of accessing public sector funding. It’s about delivering clearly differentiated products and services that add value to the customer.
I do sometimes feel that those with the weakest grasp of reality often seem to be the ones who make the most noise! Do you find that too?
David Floyd
Social Spider CIC
25 Sep 2012
Hi Robert,
This doesn't surprise me at all. One thing that annoys me is that growing numbers of small social enterprises seem keen to cosy up to and associate themselves with corporate giants such as Deloitte and PwC but do everything they can to explain their morally defined disconnection from other people running small businesses in their local area.
Do people running small social enterprises really believe that the people running these small businesses are solely motivated by the pursuit of profit at all costs?
It's an interesting point the Peter raises about social enterprise chief execs and entrepreneurship. I think there's a very big question mark over whether the people running most of the UK's larger social enterprises, such as public sector spin-outs and housing associations, are entrepreneurs.
That's not a criticism, it's just a question about whether they run entrepreneurial businesses or business that are primarily dependent on competent management.
Robert Ashton
25 Sep 2012
Great comments, I'm glad I'm not alone. I always use the term social entrepreneur because for me, this is all about people, not process. Social entrepreneurs focus on the change they want to see. In my experience they are uninhibited by organisation type; they just use what they have to make stuff happen.
The incident I described illustrated that for some, the process is everything and the flame of passion has long since gone out.
Paul Winnan
Treasurer
Advantage Africa
24 Sep 2012
It seems that some members of the Not for Profit sector feel that they will be tarnished by association, just by being seen alongside organisations that are run for profit! In fact, I would argue that far from being tarnished they will show their true value when that happens, emphasising their difference, values and purpose.
Typically, a social enterprise will be run to either make profits that it can pass on to the charity it supports, or to provide services that meet the beneficiary community more appropriately than a commercial business would. In either case, they can learn from the other providers of those services, and benchmark what they offer against them. Where there is good practice that can help them, that should be cherry-picked and emulated to make themselves better, but where it compromises their social enterprise objectives, they should be adapted or discarded. This is not so different to what their “competitors” will be doing themselves!
I would encourage social enterprises to join local chambers of commerce or other small business groups, learn from them, and then hold up their social enterprise for comparison. They should be proud of what differentiates them, and that they can bear scrutiny!
Paul Winnan
Treasurer
Advantage Africa
24 Sep 2012
It seems that some members of the sector feel that they will in some way be tarnished by association if they don't distance themselves from the completely for-profit operators. In fact they must offer their services alongside these other providers, while maintaining what is distinctive about themselves, and potentially using that as a differentiator.
As a social enterprise, a primary purpose must be to make money for the charity that they support, or (where providing services to the sector) to ensure that they provide best value and reinvest any surpluses to continually improve that service. To do this in my view they need to understand the market they operate in and benchmark what they offer against their competitors in the commercial world. Armed with that knowledge they should then cherry pick the elements that make the service better, and adapt the areas that compromise their objectives as a social enterprise.
I would encourage them to join the local chamber of commerce, gain the benefits of the network that offers, and promote themselves and their values as loudly as possible.
Chrs Dennis
Director
Community Accounting Services Kernow
24 Sep 2012
Since 'enterprise' is a synonym for business it seems that your attendee doesn't get what a social enterprise is at all.
Interestingly charities have been doing social enterprise for many years particularly those in the business of running shops alongside fellow members of the local chamber of commerce.
The government’s definition has it that a social enterprise is an organisation ‘with primarily social objectives whose surpluses are principally reinvested for that purpose in the business or community, rather than being driven by the need to maximise profit for shareholders and owners’.
So the government calls a social enterprise a business in its definition. A definition which doesn't mention the government's own share of the surplus in the form of corporation tax. Probably a subject worth a blog of it's own.
Peter Maple
Charity Fundraising Course Director
London South Bank University
24 Sep 2012
Very interesting take Robert but......... I was at the International Social Innovation Research Conference last week talking almost exclusively about "Social Enterprise" which is incidentally a very hard concept to define. The interesting bit was that within the interivews o the chief executives/founders of several dozen SEs the word "Social Entrepreneur" only came up three times. Ask any small business owner and they are proud to be Entrepreneurs. So where's the entrepreneurship in Social Enterprise gone?
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Gareth Morgan
Professor of Charity Studies
Sheffield Hallam University
25 Sep 2012
Very interesting debate. BUT I am worried about the phrase "merely a charity". To be a charity an organisation has to be established for public benefit with little or no private benefit to those who established it. That's a a very demanding requirement.
But as Chris Dennis says there is plenty of social enterprise activity within charities through many kinds of charitable trading. So the terms "charity" and "social enterprise" are not in conflict - they each describe important spaces of organisations which may or may not overlap. An organisation can be (a) a charity or (b) a social enterprise or (c) both or (d) neither.
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